There are a myriad of technology types utilised within the (virtual)world of social networking.
When most people think of social networking they think of Bebo or Facebook, however, this barely scratches the surface of what is out there.
Being facetious, we can describe the internet and everything that exists in that netherworld as social networking technology.
After all Tim Burners-Lee envisaged the internet as a resource where like-minded geeks (scientists) could share information with each other. Not much different from modern sites today, except in presentation and spelling.
If we take a modern site such as Bebo, we can see that rather than being a discrete system it is an amalgamation of social networking software and technologies that have evolved over the years.
For example, we have the ability to post a blog and chat with other users as well as provide other information in the form of videos, photos, etc.
However, as with many things in life, a jack of all trades is a master of none.
If you want to send messages to your friends you can do that via an instant messaging system. If you want to share files (legally of course) then you can do so via dedicated peer-to-peer and file sharing programs.
Of course, it is the functionality, features, and ease of use (as well as “coolness”) that brings in subscribers.
Perhaps one of the most interesting forms of social networking is within MMORPGs and more recently other online game genres. Here users can have a greater “virtual presence” within a virtual society and some excel here, more so than in the real world.
It is perhaps easier to think of these as not games but, as a social networking system with greater presentation (3-dimensional and real-time simulation).
In essence, social networking technology is communication technology whether discrete systems or systems that provide a gateway to the various routes of communication between internet users.
What is the result of all this technology? Information, and information is power as Robin Morgan said.
That is why if you strip away all the fancy layers of media players, photo galleries and message boards, at the heart of a social network site is a big database that stores information, updates it, adds to it and deletes it.
If you are a free spirit and feel like taking on the big names of social networking or perhaps find that unexploited niche market, here is a comparison of some social network software platforms and their capabilities –
http://www.techcrunch.com/wp-content/wlsn_comparison_chart.html